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Essential OilCome from the flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, and bark of many plants. Oil of lavender, for example, is derived from a flower, oil of patchouli from a leaf, and oil of orange from a fruit. The oils are formed in the green (chlorophyll-bearing) parts of the plant, and with plant maturity are transported to other tissues, particularly to the flowering shoots. The exact function of an Essential Oil in a plant is unknown; it may be to attract insects for pollination, or to repel harmful insects, or it may be simply a metabolic intermediate. The Essential Oil are volatile liquids, mostly insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and vegetable and mineral oils. They are usually not oily to the touch. They may be grouped into five classes, according to their chemical structure: alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and lactones and oxides. USESEssential Oil are obtained by one of four methods: steam distillation, extraction by volatile solvents, expression by hand or machine, and enfleurage, a process in which fat is used as a solvent. In modern practice, Essential Oil, synthesized or obtained from natural sources by any one of the above four methods, are often purified by vacuum distillation. Essential Oil are used to impart flavor and delicate aroma to coffee, tea, wines, and distilled liquors. They are the basic ingredients in the manufacture of perfumes, and are also used in soaps, disinfectants, and similar products. Essential Oil have an important use in medicine, either for their flavoring qualities or for their pain-relieving and physiological value. See articles on many of the specific essential oils mentioned.
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